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-G. J. THORN, PECATONIGA, ILLINOIS.

Letters .Patent No. 78,7 73, (lated June 9, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT INWINDMILLS.

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To ALL WHoM IT MAY' ooNoEnN:

Be it known that I, G. J. THOBN, of Pccatonica, in the county of Winnebago, and State of'Illinois, have inventedta new Iandimproved Windmill; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others skilled in the art to make andl use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification. v

This invention relates to a new and improved method of constructing windmills, whereby'the fans of the same are always in proper position with respect `to the direction of the wind, and the speed of the same isv more uniform and regular. It consists in the construction, arrangement, and combination of the parts as hereinafter described. In the accompanying plate of drawings- Figure 1 is a side View of my invention.

Figure 2 is a partial verticalsectional View of the same, taken in the line a: fr, fig. 1.

Figure 3 represents a. horizontal section ofthe same, taken in the liney y, Eg. '1.

Through a vertical main shaft, A, rotating in suitable bearings in a frane, L, as shown, are/three or more radial horizontal arms, B, extending beyond ,the shaft A anequal distance on each side of the same.A Said radial arms B are permitted a rocking 'motion in said vertical shaft A, and areY placed one below thel other in ,di'erent vertical lines, equidistantrfrom each other. To each end'ofjeach of said arms B is secured a rectangular-shaped wing, C.

The wing C, upon one end ofeach arm B, is secured to said arm B at right angles to the wing C upon the other end of the same arm B, so that when wings C on one side of theshaft A are in a vertical position, or before the wind, the wings C on the other side of said shaft A will be in a horizontal line, or in the wind, as shown in the drawing. I

To the shaft A, above the arms'B,-is secured a governor, D,- compose'd of two balls, supported. by two arms of the usualform, as shown. l

Upon the shaft A is a movable sleeve, E, supported by. the connecting-rods F, pivotedby one end to the sleeve E, and by the other endt'c the arms of the governor D, as shown, and so that by the rising and falling of the balls of the govern'or'D, the sleeve E will ris and fall. The sleeve E rests upon a pin or bolt, a, as shown, and is furnished withvsuitable opcnings,'a, to receive the arms B, said openings al b'eing of sulicient size to permit the upward and downward movement of the 'sleeve E.. The openings al are made in the form of aV nt the bottom, so as to receive the knuckles orcranks a?, as shown. I

To each of the arms B, andnear to the shaft A, is rigidly secured a knuckle or crank, cias shown.

The cranks a2 are placed upon the arms B, so-that a'lin-e drawn through the centre o f each of theA cranks a to the centre ofthe arm B, to which the same is secured, will be at an angleof forty-tive degrees to the fans upon said arm B. i

The cranks a2 aren'made in the form of a V, and so as lto fit into-the V-shaped openings al in the sleeve E when the sleeve E is raised by the rising of the ballsA of the governor D; said cranks a2 resting upon shoulders upon the sleeve E on either side of the V-shaped part of tlie'openings al when the sleeve ils/'at the lowest point inthe movement of the same, as shown in the drawing.`` When the sleeve E is raised, the arms B will be par-v tially rotated, so asta changethe position of the fans() from avertical position on one side of the shaft A, and a horizontal position onrthe other side of said shaft, until all the fans C will stand nearer andlnearer to an angle of forty-tive degrees to the direction of the wind, at which angle the upward movement ofthe sleeve E will be stopped by the arms .'BA and the crank a2, -at which angle of fortydve degrees'the wind will exert a like force upon all the fans C, and the mill will be stopped, the speed nf the same being slower and slower as said `fans C approach said angle of forty-five degrees to the direction of the wind. vThe 'effect of the governor D, by

the opening of the arms, or the raising of the balls of the same, and the raising of the sleeve by centrifugal force, will be constantly to render equal the 'surface of the wings C exposed to the action of the wind, and of course diminish the speed `of the mill.

The operation is such, that in any direction oi the wind the wings C on one side of the shaft B will be at right angles to the direction of the wind when the sleeve E is down, as shown in the drawing, and when, by the revolution of the said wings C, any wing passes to the other side of the shaft A, the said wing C will be thrown down into the wind,iwhilc the opposite wing will be thrown up or beforc'the wind.

In the lower end ofthe sleeve E Vis a groove, in which is a bent metallic band, G, the two ends of the said band Gr being united, so as to receive betweenthe same the rody H, the sleeve E rotatingin said band G. The

rod H is pivoted between the parts of the baud G, as shown.

To the lower end of the rod H is attached a oat, I,. so situated with reference to any tank to be filled withl water by pumps operated by the windmill above described, as that when said tank is filled to a given height,

the oat I will rise and raise the sleevey E, and stop the mill, as above described.

To any upright or support, J, is pivoted a lever, K, one arm of said lever being pivoted to the rod H, as shown, by means of which the sleeve E may be raised, and the mill stopped.

The wholemay be supported in any suitable Frame, L, andthe several parts made ofjvoqd or irou, or of wood and iron combined, or of other suitable material, according to the severa-l offices of the said parts.

I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent-l I 1. The windmill, having each of its armsB provided at opposite ends with wings C, placed at right angles to each other, said arms passing in different vertical planes through the vertical shaft A, 'and through openings al in lthe sleeve E, all arranged as described, for the purpose specified.

2. The sleeve E, suspended pon the shaft A by the rods F, attached to the arms of the governor, and provided with a series ofopenings, al, in different vertical lines, for 'the passage of the arms B, and for the operation ofthe cams a, as herein described, for the purpose specified.

3. The device for changing the position of the wings C, consisting of the V-shaped cranks az upon arms B,

and the V-shaped openings al in sleeve E, substantially as shown and described.

. G. J. THORN.

Witnesses.:

GEo. W. KEYES, E. D. THOMPSON. 

